Connect with us to learn more. William G. Sullivan earned his Ph. He has made enduring contributions to the field of engineering economy education in his more than 40 years of service to industry and the academy. Sullivan's textbooks in the field five in total , including "Engineering Economy" 17th edition continue to contribute to the education of thousands of students.
He also has extensive consulting experience with 25 firms in the U. Elin M. Wicks is the owner of Abacus Accounting LLC, an accounting and bookkeeping company focused on empowering small business owners to achieve financial success. She earned a BS and MS in Industrial Engineering from Rutgers University where her masters research focused on a method of quantifying non-economic factors in monetary terms. During this time she also developed software tools to assist Cosmair Inc.
She went on to earn her PhD in Industrial and Systems Engineering from Virginia Tech focussing on the design of cellular manufacturing systems. After taking some time off to raise her children, she supplemented her education in the field of accounting and became the Senior Accountant of Glenn B. Cohen, CPA - an accounting and financial management firm.
She has been an author of Engineering Economy since the publication of the 10th edition. Patrick Koelling has served on the faculty in industrial and systems engineering at Virginia Tech since Koelling received his Ph.
He conducts research and teaches in operations research and management systems engineering. Prior to joining Virginia Tech, he spent two years at Hallmark Cards as a senior analyst and three years as an assistant professor at Oklahoma State University. Koelling has also served as department head of industrial engineering and management at Oklahoma State. Koelling has consulted with several private and government organizations, including the establishment of new industrial and systems engineering programs.
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If You're an Educator Download instructor resources Additional order info. Description For courses in undergraduate introductory engineering economics. This package includes MyLab Engineering. Understand the importance of engineering economics principles and how to make smart economic choices Used by engineering students worldwide, this bestselling text provides a sound understanding of the principles, basic concepts, and methodology of engineering economy.
By combining trusted author content with digital tools and a flexible platform, MyLab personalizes the learning experience and improves results for each student. Instructors can choose from a large number of homework and practice questions that are correlated to the textbook, many of which regenerate algorithmically to give students unlimited opportunity for practice and mastery. Learn more about MyLab Engineering. Provide a Solid Foundation in the Principles, Concepts, and Methodology of Engineering Economy A brief basic review of simple accounting principles is included.
Cost estimating is emphasized in the text. Real-world engineering economy analysis methodology helps students develop proficiency with the methodology and processes for making rational decisions in situations they are likely to encounter in professional practice. When this challenger replaces the defender now or later , it will be repeated in succeeding life cycles. ESL is now 8 or 9 years, with a flat AW curve for several years. Therefore, keep the defender three years and then replace it with a used vehicle just like the one that is currently owned.
To make the decision, compare AW values. In keeping the defender, the opportunity to receive money is foregone. This might result in inaccurate pricing of goods or services provided by the challenger. Keep the defender for 3 years 2. Use the defender for 2 years and the challenger for 1 year 3.
Use the defender for 1 years and the challenger for 2 years 4. Use the challenger for all three years. Therefore, keep the defender 1 year and then replace it with the challenger b The PW values are placed in the year cell prior to when the year starts for challenger. Spreadsheet screen shot shows the AW of the current system defender D for its retention period with close-down cost in last year, followed by annual contract cost challenger C for years in effect.
Do not replace. Four options are present, but they have the same conclusion. Answer is a The defender should be kept for 2 more years and then replaced with another used machine just like the one presently owned. The ESL is 13 years. Year 13 is predicted to require the 4th rebuild; the pump will not be used beyond 13 years anyway.
Compare the results in 2 and 3 with that in 1 and comment on them. No bundle with X and Y are listed; 12 remain. Considering the selection restrictions, the 9 viable bundles are: DN 4 34 1 13 3 23 Not acceptable bundles: 2, 12, 14, 24, , , Select bundle 4. Select projects A, B and C. Alternatively, use a spreadsheet. Develop a scatter chart.
Largest PW is for project Q. Answer is b The breakeven point falls substantially to , when the lower FC is in effect. Note: To guarantee that the cell computations in column C correctly track when the breakeven point falls below ,, the same IF statement is used in all cells. With this feature, sensitivity analysis on the , estimate may also be performed.
It has the smaller slope of 5 versus 25 for the buy option. Painting and blasting is not done at end of year Set the AW relations equal. See note above. A spreadsheet solution for all three parts follows. Payback between 6 and 7 months. Solve for np in PW relation. Payback just over 7 months. Resolve for N. Therefore, the cost difference would increase.
If hardness removal were discontinued, the extra cost for its removal column 4 in Table 1 would be zero for all alternatives. Therefore, the best alternative continues to be number 3. Therefore, in order for the dollars to have the same value i. Subtract the future value of each payment from the bond face value 5 years from now. Both amounts take purchasing power into account.
Do the answers seem reasonable? Stocks: Possibly, if the economy and selected corporate stocks do very well. Bonds: Probably not, the discount required is far more than given when a bond is purchased.
This is why, in part, the fixed-income investments are losers when inflation is a sincere factor. If a single allocation basis had been used throughout, the rate would have had to increase for each basis. Make has annual indirect costs. Cost driver is the number of bags handled, some of which are lost or damaged. Significant change took place, especially at MEX. Another basis could be guest-dollars, that is, total amount of money a guest spends.
Price for standard should go up. Premium model makes a good profit at current price under ABC Overall — Not a correct impression when costs are examined. Market value is the amount that could be received if the asset is offered for sale on the open market. Tax depreciation is used to determine the annual tax-deductible amount.
They are not necessarily the same amount. The adjusted basis means some depreciation has been charged. These are commonly different, usually shorter, than the anticipated useful life of an asset used in the economic evaluation. It is an allowance for the wear and tear, deterioration, or obsolescence of the property. The recovery period and method of depreciation are the primary differences. Even if not using the property, it is in service when it is ready and available for its specific use.
Depreciating stops when property is retired from service, even if its cost is not fully recovered. The taxpayer can elect the Section deduction instead of recovering the cost through depreciation deductions.
Develop the scatter chart to plot book values. The round-off errors are noticeable. MACRS is accelerated compared to SL depreciation because more of the first cost is written off in the early years of the recovery period. Book values are close for both ways. The relations used to determine the values row 50 are indicated first row 3.
By Equation [16A. S indicates the selected method and amount. Marginal rate: The portion of each taxable dollar of TI that is paid in taxes on the last dollar of income, e. Indexing: Updating of the TI limits not the rates each year to account for inflation and other factors. Use Eq. The CFAT expression removes the capital investment or adds salvage but does not consider depreciation, since it is a non-cash flow.
Spreadsheet solution follows. Taxes are best when low country 1. This increases the CFAT considerably in the last year. This will reduce taxes on the gains. If there are no gains, carry-forward and carry-back allowances may apply. For a capital gain, it is the difference between the sales price and the unadjusted basis first cost of the asset. If it is a capital loss, the netting of losses against gains can affect AW. The tax savings will be applied to the challenger, since the savings is realized only if the challenger is bought.
Thus, a capital loss will render the challenger more attractive. DR is involved on the defender trade in. Defender trade depreciation recapture must be included. Succession options Option Defender Challenger 1 2 years 1 year 2 1 2 3 0 3 2. Find AW for defender and challenger for 1, 2 and 3 years of retention. Calculate CFAT for 1, 2, and 3 years of ownership. There is DR each year. Engineering VP has the better economic strategy.
The only option is the defender for 5 years and the challenger for 5 years. Spreadsheet is below with Solver parameters. Engineering managers like CFAT because it indicates actual cash flow of the project. The AW values are the same. CFAT shows a big cost in year 0 and positive cash flows thereafter. Spreadsheet solution is easier. The CFAT series is shown, for information only.
Use Equation [ As mentioned in the chapter, the largest D-E financing option will always offer the largest return on the invested equity capital. But, too high of D-E mixes are risky. Subtract 2 different equity CFAT totals. Conclusion: The added business in Victoria should turn positive the third year and remain a contributor to the business after that, as indicated by the EVA values. Otherwise, keep the current one. R and n. Variations in P and R have about the same effect on PW in opposite directions, and more effect than variation in n.
AW is most sensitive to variations in revenue R and least sensitive to variations in life n. Top node: 0. Conclusion: Company should implement the test program option and delay the full-scale decision for 1 year.
Spreadsheet analysis used for changes in MARR. Sensitivity to changes in life is performed by hand. Not very sensitive; plan A has the best PW for all life estimates. Treat output as discrete or continuous variable. If discrete, center points on cells, e. P L is triangular like the distribution in Figure with the mode at 5.
A larger sample is needed to observe all values of X. Some samples are: RN X p As an illustration, assume the probabilities that are assigned by a student are: 0. Assume you want 25 values. Repeat for sample of 25 grades. Substitute Y for DY. Substitute M for DM. The limit to the series N 0. CFAT given for years 0 through 6. Uniform for both i and CFAT values. Set up a spreadsheet. Plot the PW values for as large a sample as desired.
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